Before looking ahead to the future, I think I  will be telling a big lie  if I do not accept from the outset that I have  been somewhat  disappointed with Thailand's foreign policy of late. I  saw no  justifiable reason for our relationship with one of our Asean  next door  neighbours, Cambodia, to deteriorate from bad to worse and  from worse  to hitting rock bottom. This relationship kept plummeting  without any  real and serious attempt at salvation.Cambodian vendors pass through a border  gate at Chong Jom pass in Kap  Choeng district of Surin on July 26, to  do business in Thailand. Border  trade is active once again, as locals  grow confident of peace despite  delays in establishing the  demilitarised zone near the Preah Vihear  Temple as ordered by the  International Court of Justice.
Sour relationship moved to skirmishes, skirmishes moved to a  battle  zone. A series of exchanges of fire resulted in damage and  casualties.  Who was to gain and what has been gained from all of this?  Only  politicians in respective capitals have the answer. Certainly,  innocent  people along the border of both countries gained absolutely  nothing and  stood to lose everything.
I do not think that is the way we deal with our Asean neighbours.
I often like comparing the formulation of foreign policy with the  shape  of the rings of a dart board where Thailand is placed at the  bull's  eye. The nearer the ring to the bull's eye, the more important as  well  as the more delicate and difficult it is to score. The clear   difference, however, is that these rings, unlike those on a real dart   board, must be drawn to overlap each other. These rings will never be so   clearly separate, for foreign policy is not a case of a separate and   unrelated relationship. How to manage the overlapping of these rings is   as important as how to manage the relationship within each ring itself.
These are rings of our foreign policy. The closest of the rings   represents our immediate neighbours with common borders. All of them are   not just neighbours with shared common boundaries but we are all Asean   members with shared common values and visions. Our closest proximity   must be considered in every aspect: physical, political, economic,   social, cultural or even environmental.
Because this ring is the closest to the bull's eye, it must be aimed  at  with greatest attention. Once hit accurately, it will be handsomely   scored. But once missed, it could be a big opportunity lost. And the   conduct of our foreign policy in the past decade or so has seen this   both well scored and badly missed.
I do hope that for the next decade we will pursue just the right  policy  towards these neighbours of ours and keep producing excellent  scores.
Yes, countries with thousands of miles of common border must have   problems. But the key is there must be bilateral mechanisms to resolve   them and each mechanism must be functioning at all times for conflict   prevention and peaceful resolution of disputes. Territorial dispute as a   result of historic colonial powers influencing the delimitation must  be  handled with care and understanding. Boundary delimitation must be   depoliticised, leaving it to technical experts of maps and international   law to argue at the table in a smoke-filled room, never allow public   nationalistic emotion to get involved which would lead to the   battlefield. Cooperation on joint development of national resources and   cultural assets in areas where there are overlapping claims should be   explored, designed and implemented, with agreement that such cooperation   will have no prejudice on each side's legal claims. Trust and mutual   respect is, therefore, key to producing excellent scores in policy with   neighbours.
Apart from our bilateral ties which must be kept real warm at all   times, our cooperation with them also comes in different dimensions.   Existing strategic multilateral ties must continue to be enhanced while   new initiatives established. The existing ACMECS _ Ayawadee,  Chaophraya,  Mekong, Economic Cooperation Strategy _ must be  strengthened to its  utmost extent. This cooperation among Cambodia,  Laos, Burma, Thailand  and Vietnam is the only economic cooperation  strategy in the Mekong  sub-region that comprises exclusively Asean  members.
The Mekong sub-region, where Thailand and our neighbours are  situated,  is economically highly strategic for Southeast Asia. Being  shared by  five riparian Asean countries and China, the Mekong River and  its  region has attracted a number of economic cooperation projects.  Apart  from the GMS _ the Greater Mekong Sub-region _ which is the  cooperation  between all the six riparian states, namely, China and all  five Asean  members, some non-Mekong states have also expressed their  keen interest  in this sub-region. Japan has set up the Japan-Mekong  Cooperation,  whose membership is all of the GMS minus China, but plus  Japan's  membership. The United States, similarly, also wants to be a  Mekong  State too.
Thailand's foreign policy must, therefore contain the Mekong strategy   as part of our policy towards our immediate neighbours. The foreign   policy regarding this innermost ring to the bull's eye must not merely   receive the highest priority, it must be strategically well-thought-out   since we have more players than just our neighbours. The power  balancing  of Thailand and four Asean Mekong riparian states, vis-a-vis  China and  other non-mainland Southeast Asian powers must be well  handled.
Moving outward to the next ring is that of the Association of  Southeast  Asian Nations. This regional grouping is moving towards  fully-fledged  regional integration with the establishment of the Asean  Community in  2015, with three major pillars: the Economic Community,  Socio-Cultural  Community, and Political and Security Community. The  success of Asean  is the success of Thailand. We must draw a masterplan  to be implemented  by all sectors, both government and non-government,  leading to the  2015 objectives. We must be able to deliver to all our  Asean citizens  the benefits they should gain from the establishment of  the Asean  Community that must be felt in the conduct of their everyday  life.
Accordingly, regarding the dispute between Cambodia and Thailand   surrounding the issue of the Temple of Preah Vihear, both countries must   cooperate more with Asean on peace and conflict resolution, otherwise   confidence in Asean's mechanism for conflict avoidance and resolution   will be greatly affected and eroded. Although the nature of conflict   between Thailand and Cambodia is bilateral, the path to solution has   been multilateral, that is Asean and beyond. My final observation on   this issue is that perhaps Thailand should draft up her multilateral   strategy in handling this conflict in the United Nations Security   Council, Asean, World Heritage Committee and the International Court of   Justice.
Because Asean is widely recognised as a strong regional grouping, it   has generated several trans-regional cooperation initiatives where Asean   is placed in the driving seat. Geography is no longer relevant when we   come to a willingness to cooperate. The East Asia Summit or Asean +6   countries is no longer strictly East Asian, as it has incorporated a   number of countries that are hardly East Asian such as India, Australia,   New Zealand and newcomers the US and Russia.
Thailand must take a more proactive role not only in the realisation   and implementation of the Asean Community but also in making Asean a   political and economic strategic focus of the world throughout the next   decade.
We strongly need a truly outward-looking policy. We must understand  and  build a strategic partnership with our Asian friends, not only just   China and India. Thailand can be a strategic linkage between South Asia   and Southeast Asia.
China's interest in Thailand and Asean is tremendous. In turn, it is   important for us to fully understand China's regional development   policy. In addition to the Asean-China Free Trade Agreement, this   regional policy of China will create trade and economic partnership with   different parts of Southeast Asia. Our cordial, close, warm,   understanding and special relationship with China must always be   maintained. I am sorry to notice that the past two or three years may   have seen this relationship waning a little. It is time Thailand   rectified and fully restored that.
The "Look East" policy of India and of increasing numbers of West  Asian  countries should be met with a carefully crafted "Look West"  policy of  Thailand, in order to benefit its economic growth and  sustainability,  and to enhance this country's proactive and balanced  role in Asia in  the next decade.
Japan and South Korea have been our long-term traditional allies and   there is every reason to believe they will always remain so. At the same   time, Central Asia has gained a much more distinguished prominence on   the global radar. Emphasis should also be made on closer relations with   many African countries, as they are Thailand's export markets,   especially for agricultural and small- and medium-enterprise products.
The rise of Asia has been, to a large extent, due to the significant   fast growth of countries in the region. Therefore, the need to manage   our wealth and capital as a result of such growth in order to maintain   our sustainability and stability is equally important. Thailand once   played a key role in the Chiang Mai Initiative which later evolved into   the Chiang Mai Initiative Multilateralisation in 2009.
By the same token, it was Thailand who initiated the first Asian   continent-wide cooperation under the name Asia Cooperation Dialogue   (ACD) with strong, wholehearted support of Asean and a number of major   Asian countries. It incorporates almost all Asian countries as its   members. Again, it is a pity that in the past 2-3 years, Thailand's   foreign policy has trivialised these efforts. These were the efforts on   which we strongly hoped to help build the future of Asia, especially in   the case of ACD, which would lead to our hope of an Asian Community.  The  rise of Asia must be accompanied by a strong pan-Asian cooperation  to  help maintain common Asian purposes and to ensure that Asia as a   continent, despite its huge diversity, will grow together.
All in all, the essence of our foreign policy is that Thailand cannot   afford to have itself faded out of the world radar screen when things   are moving so fast on all fronts. The world of interdependence is all   round in every aspect. The world stage of diplomacy is clearly moving   from boundary security to trade, commercial, financial and, most   importantly, human security. Thai foreign policy must fully reflect this   reality. If we have not done so, it is high time we did.
Surakiart Sathirathai is a former foreign minister. He is at present President of the Saranrom Institute of Foreign Affairs Foundation. The above article is an edited version of a speech he delivered at the international conference on "Asia in the Next Decade", which was held in Bangkok yesterday.
 





 
 
 
 
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